Clinical Studies On The Effects Of Ionized Water
We found some of these articles
posted around the internet. We are not sure of the source, but references
are made for each study.
Electrolyzed-reduced water scavenges active oxygen species and protects DNA from oxidative damage.
Biochem
Biophys Res Commun.
1997 May 8;234(1):269-74.
Shirahata S, Kabayama S, Nakano M, Miura T, Kusumoto K, Gotoh
M, Hayashi H, Otsubo K, Morisawa S, Katakura Y.
Institute
of Cellular Regulation Technology, Graduate School of Genetic Resources
Technology, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan. sirahata@grt.kyushu-u.ac.jp
Active
oxygen species or free radicals are considered to cause extensive
oxidative damage to biological macromolecules, which brings about
a variety of diseases as well as aging. The ideal scavenger for active
oxygen should be 'active hydrogen'. 'Active hydrogen' can be produced
in reduced water near the cathode during electrolysis of water. Reduced
water exhibits high pH, low dissolved oxygen (DO), extremely high
dissolved molecular hydrogen (DH), and extremely negative redox potential
(RP) values. Strongly electrolyzed-reduced water, as well as ascorbic
acid, (+)-catechin and tannic acid, completely scavenged O.-2 produced
by the hypoxanthine-xanthine oxidase (HX-XOD) system in sodium phosphate
buffer (pH 7.0). The superoxide dismutase (SOD)-like activity of reduced
water is stable at 4 degrees C for over a month and was not lost even
after neutralization, repeated freezing and melting, deflation with
sonication, vigorous mixing, boiling, repeated filtration, or closed
autoclaving, but was lost by opened autoclaving or by closed autoclaving
in the presence of tungsten trioxide which efficiently adsorbs active
atomic hydrogen. Water bubbled with hydrogen gas exhibited low DO,
extremely high DH and extremely low RP values, as does reduced water,
but it has no SOD-like activity. These results suggest that the SOD-like
activity of reduced water is not due to the dissolved molecular hydrogen
but due to the dissolved atomic hydrogen (active hydrogen). Although
SOD accumulated H2O2 when added to the HX-XOD system, reduced water
decreased the amount of H2O2 produced by XOD. Reduced water, as well
as catalase and ascorbic acid, could directly scavenge H2O2. Reduced
water suppresses single-strand breakage of DNA b active oxygen species
produced by the Cu(II)-catalyzed oxidation of ascorbic acid in a dose-dependent
manner, suggesting that reduced water can scavenge not only O2.- and
H2O2, but also 1O2 and .OH.
PMID:
9169001 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
The mechanism of the enhanced antioxidant effects against superoxide anion radicals of reduced water produced by electrolysis.
Biophys
Chem. 2004
Jan 1;107(1):71-82.
Hanaoka
K, Sun D, Lawrence R, Kamitani Y, Fernandes G.
Bio-REDOX
Laboratory Inc. 1187-4, Oaza-Ueda, Ueda-shi, Nagano-ken 386-0001,
Japan. hanak@rapid.ocn.ne.jp
We
reported that reduced water produced by electrolysis enhanced the
antioxidant effects of proton donors such as ascorbic acid (AsA) in
a previous paper. We also demonstrated that reduced water produced
by electrolysis of 2 mM NaCl solutions did not show antioxidant effects
by itself. We reasoned that the enhancement of antioxidant effects
may be due to the increase of the ionic product of water as solvent.
The ionic product of water (pKw) was estimated by measurements of
pH and by a neutralization titration method. As an indicator of oxidative
damage, Reactive Oxygen Species- (ROS) mediated DNA strand breaks
were measured by the conversion of supercoiled phiX-174 RF I double-strand
DNA to open and linear forms. Reduced water had a tendency to suppress
single-strand breakage of DNA induced by reactive oxygen species produced
by H2O2/Cu (II) and HQ/Cu (II) systems. The enhancement of superoxide
anion radical dismutation activity can be explained by changes in
the ionic product of water in the reduced water.
PMID:
14871602 [PubMed - in process]
Comparison of electrolyzed oxidizing water with various antimicrobial interventions to reduce Salmonella species on poultry.
Poult
Sci.
2002 Oct;81(10):1598-605.
Fabrizio
KA, Sharma RR, Demirci A, Cutter CN.
Department
of Food Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park
16802, USA.
Foodborne
pathogens in cell suspensions or attached to surfaces can be reduced
by electrolyzed oxidizing (EO) water; however, the use of EO water
against pathogens associated with poultry has not been explored. In
this study, acidic EO water [EO-A; pH 2.6, chlorine (CL) 20 to 50
ppm, and oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) of 1,150 mV], basic EO
water (EO-B; pH 11.6, ORP of -795 mV), CL, ozonated water (OZ), acetic
acid (AA), or trisodium phosphate (TSP) was applied to broiler carcasses
inoculated with Salmonella Typhimurium (ST) and submerged (4 C, 45
min), spray-washed (85 psi, 25 C, 15 s), or subjected to multiple
interventions (EO-B spray, immersed in EO-A; AA or TSP spray, immersed
in CL). Remaining bacterial populations were determined and compared
at Day 0 and 7 of aerobic, refrigerated storage. At Day 0, submersion
in TSP and AA reduced ST 1.41 log10, whereas EO-A water reduced ST
approximately 0.86 log10. After 7 d of storage, EO-A water, OZ, TSP,
and AA reduced ST, with detection only after selective enrichment.
Spray-washing treatments with any of the compounds did not reduce
ST at Day 0. After 7 d of storage, TSP, AA, and EO-A water reduced
ST 2.17, 2.31, and 1.06 log10, respectively. ST was reduced 2.11 log10
immediately following the multiple interventions, 3.81 log10 after
7 d of storage. Although effective against ST, TSP and AA are costly
and adversely affect the environment. This study demonstrates that
EO water can reduce ST on poultry surfaces following extended refrigerated
storage.
PMID: 12412930 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Treatment of Escherichia
coli (O157:H7) inoculated alfalfa seeds and sprouts with electrolyzed oxidizing
water.
Int
J Food Microbiol.
2003 Sep 15;86(3):231-7.
Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Pennsylvania
State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
Electrolyzed oxidizing water is a relatively new concept that has
been utilized in agriculture, livestock management, medical sterilization,
and food sanitation. Electrolyzed oxidizing (EO) water generated by
passing sodium chloride solution through an EO water generator was
used to treat alfalfa seeds and sprouts inoculated with a five-strain
cocktail of nalidixic acid resistant Escherichia coli O157:H7. EO
water had a pH of 2.6, an oxidation-reduction potential of 1150 mV
and about 50 ppm free chlorine. The percentage reduction in bacterial
load was determined for reaction times of 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, and 64
min. Mechanical agitation was done while treating the seeds at different
time intervals to increase the effectiveness of the treatment. Since
E. coli O157:H7 was released due to soaking during treatment, the
initial counts on seeds and sprouts were determined by soaking the
contaminated seeds/sprouts in 0.1% peptone water for a period equivalent
to treatment time. The samples were then pummeled in 0.1% peptone
water and spread plated on tryptic soy agar with 5 microg/ml of nalidixic
acid (TSAN). Results showed that there were reductions between 38.2%
and 97.1% (0.22-1.56 log(10) CFU/g) in the bacterial load of treated
seeds. The reductions for sprouts were between 91.1% and 99.8% (1.05-2.72
log(10) CFU/g). An increase in treatment time increased the percentage
reduction of E. coli O157:H7. However, germination of the treated
seeds reduced from 92% to 49% as amperage to make EO water and soaking
time increased. EO water did not cause any visible damage to the sprouts.
PMID:
12915034 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Inactivation of Escherichia
coli (O157:H7) and Listeria monocytogenes on plastic kitchen cutting boards
by electrolyzed oxidizing water.
Venkitanarayanan KS, Ezeike GO, Hung YC, Doyle MP.
Department of Animal Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs 06269, USA.
One milliliter of culture containing a five-strain mixture of Escherichia coli O157:H7 (approximately 10(10) CFU) was inoculated on a 100-cm2 area marked on unscarred cutting boards. Following inoculation, the boards were air-dried under a laminar flow hood for 1 h, immersed in 2 liters of electrolyzed oxidizing water or sterile deionized water at 23 degrees C or 35 degrees C for 10 or 20 min; 45 degrees C for 5 or 10 min; or 55 degrees C for 5 min. After each temperature-time combination, the surviving population of the pathogen on cutting boards and in soaking water was determined. Soaking of inoculated cutting boards in electrolyzed oxidizing water reduced E. coli O157:H7 populations by > or = 5.0 log CFU/100 cm2 on cutting boards. However, immersion of cutting boards in deionized water decreased the pathogen count only by 1.0 to 1.5 log CFU/100 cm2. Treatment of cutting boards inoculated with Listeria monocytogenes in electrolyzed oxidizing water at selected temperature-time combinations (23 degrees C for 20 min, 35 degrees C for 10 min, and 45 degrees C for 10 min) substantially reduced the populations of L. monocytogenes in comparison to the counts recovered from the boards immersed in deionized water. E. coli O157:H7 and L. monocytogenes were not detected in electrolyzed oxidizing water after soaking treatment, whereas the pathogens survived in the deionized water used for soaking the cutting boards. This study revealed that immersion of kitchen cutting boards in electrolyzed oxidizing water could be used as an effective method for inactivating foodborne pathogens on smooth, plastic cutting boards.
PMID: 10456736 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
The
bactericidal effects of electrolyzed oxidizing water on bacterial
strains involved in hospital infections.
Vorobjeva
NV, Vorobjeva LI, Khodjaev EY.
Artif Organs.
2004 Jun;28(6):590-2.
Department of Physiology of Microorganisms, Biology Faculty, Moscow State University, Lenin Hills 1/12, Moscow 119992, Russia. nvvorobjeva@mail.ru
The study is designed to investigate bactericidal actions of electrolyzed oxidizing water on hospital infections. Ten of the most common opportunistic pathogens are used for this study. Cultures are inoculated in 4.5 mL of electrolyzed oxidizing (EO) water or 4.5 mL of sterile deionized water (control), and incubated for 0, 0.5, and 5 min at room temperature. At the exposure time of 30 s the EO water completely inactivates all of the bacterial strains, with the exception of vegetative cells and spores of bacilli which need 5 min to be killed. The results indicate that electrolyzed oxidizing water may be a useful disinfectant for hospital infections, but its clinical application has still to be evaluated.
PMID: 15153153 [PubMed - in process]
Effect of electrolyzed
oxidizing water and hydrocolloid occlusive dressings on excised burn-wounds
in rats.
Chin J Traumatol.
2003 Aug 1;6(4):234-7.
Xin H, Zheng YJ, Hajime N, Han ZG.
Department of Thoracic Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Jilin 130031, China. xinhua7254@yahoo.com.cn
OBJECTIVE: To study the efficacy of electrolyzed oxidizing water (EOW) and hydrocolloid occlusive dressings in the acceleration of epithelialization in excised burn-wounds in rats. METHODS: Each of the anesthetized Sprague-Dawley rats (n=28) was subjected to a third-degree burn that covered approximately 10% of the total body surface area. Rats were assigned into four groups: Group I (no irrigation), Group II (irrigation with physiologic saline), Group III (irrigation with EOW) and Group IV (hydrocolloid occlusive dressing after EOW irrigation). Wounds were observed macroscopically until complete epithelialization was present, then the epithelialized wounds were examined microscopically. RESULTS: Healing of the burn wounds was the fastest in Group IV treated with hydrocolloid occlusive dressing together with EOW. Although extensive regenerative epidermis was seen in each Group, the proliferations of lymphocytes and macrophages associated with dense collagen deposition were more extensive in Group II, III and IV than in Group I. These findings were particularly evident in Group III and IV. CONCLUSIONS: Wound Healing may be accelerated by applying a hydrocolloid occlusive dressing on burn surfaces after they are cleaned with EOW.
PMID:
12857518 [PubMed
- indexed for MEDLINE]
Effect of electrolyzed water on wound healing.
Artif Organs.
2000 Dec;24(12):984-7.
Yahagi
N, Kono M, Kitahara M, Ohmura A, Sumita O, Hashimoto T, Hori K, Ning-Juan
C, Woodson P, Kubota S, Murakami A, Takamoto S.
Department
of Anesthesiology, Teikyo University Mizonokuchi Hospital, Tokyo,
Japan. naokiyah@aol.com
Electrolyzed water accelerated the healing of full-thickness cutaneous
wounds in rats, but only anode chamber water (acid pH or neutralized)
was effective. Hypochlorous acid (HOCl), also produced by electrolysis,
was ineffective, suggesting that these types of electrolyzed water
enhance wound healing by a mechanism unrelated to the well-known antibacterial
action of HOCl. One possibility is that reactive oxygen species, shown
to be electron spin resonance spectra present in anode chamber water,
might trigger early wound healing through fibroblast migration and
proliferation.
PMID:
11121980 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Decomposition of ethylene, a flower-senescence hormone, with electrolyzed anode water.
Biosci
Biotechnol Biochem.
2003 Apr;67(4):790-6.
Harada
K, Yasui K.
Department
of Research and Development, Hokkaido Electric Power Co., Inc., 2-1
Tsuishikari, Ebetsu, Hokkaido 067-0033, Japan. kharada@h1.hotcn.ne.jp
Electrolyzed
anode water (EAW) markedly extended the vase life of cut carnation
flowers. Therefore, a flower-senescence hormone involving ethylene
decomposition by EAW with potassium chloride as an electrolyte was
investigated. Ethylene was added externally to EAW, and the reaction
between ethylen and the available chlorine in EAW was examined. EAW
had a low pH value (2.5), a high concentration of dissolved oxygen,
and extremely high redox potential (19.2 mg/l and 1323 mV, respectively)
when available chlorine was at a concentration of about 620 microns.
The addition of ethylene to EAW led to ethylene decomposition, and
an equimolar amount of ethylene chlorohydrine with available chlorine
was produced. The ethylene chlorohydrine production was greatly affected
by the pH value (pH 2.5, 5.0 and 10.0 were tested), and was faster
in an acidic solution. Ethylene chlorohydrine was not produced after
ethylene had been added to EAW at pH 2.6 when available chlorine was
absent, but was produced after potassium hypochlorite had been added
to such EAW. The effect of the pH value of EAW on the vase life of
cut carnations was compatible with the decomposition rate of ethylene
in EAW of the same pH value. These results suggest that the effect
of EAW on the vase life of cut carnations was due to the decomposition
of ethylene to ethylene chlorohydrine by chlorine from chlorine compounds.
PMID:
12784619 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Use of Ionized water in hypochlorhydria or achlorhydria
Prof.
Kuninaka Hironage, Head of Kuninaka Hospital
"Too
many fats in the diets, which lead to the deposition of cholesterol
on the blood vessels, which in turn constrict the blood flow, cause
most illnesses such as high blood pressure. In accordance with the
theory of Professor Gato of Kyushu University on Vitamin K (because
vitamin K enables the blood calcium to increase ), or the consumption
of more antioxidant water, the effectiveness of the increase in the
calcium in high blood pressure is most significant. The consumption
of alkaline antioxidant water for a period of 2 to 3 months, I have
observed the blood pressure slowly drop, due to the water's solvent
ability, which dissolves the cholesterol in the blood vessels."
Use
of Ionized water for gynecological conditions
Prof.
Watanabe Ifao, Watanabe Hospital
"Ionized
alklaine antioxidant water improves body constituents and ensures
effective healing to many illnesses. The uses of antioxidant water
in gynecological patients have proved to be very effective. The main
reason for its effectiveness is that this water can neutralize toxins.
When
given antioxidant water to pre-eclamptic toxemia cases, the results
are most significant. During my long years of servicing the pre-eclamptic
toxemia cases, I found that the women with pre-eclamptic toxemia who
consumed antioxidant water tend to deliver healthier babies with
stronger muscles. A survey report carried out on babies in this
group showed intelligence above average."
Toxin
Neutralization
Prof.
Kuwata Keijiroo, Doctor of Medicine
"In
my opinion, the wonder of antioxidant water is the ability neutralizes
toxins, but it is not a medicine. The difference is that the medicine
can only apply to each and individual case, whereas the antioxidant
water can be consumed generally and its neutralizing power is something
which is very much unexpected. Now, in brief, let me introduce to
you a heart disease case and how it was cured.
The
patient was a 35 years old male suffering from vascular heart disease.
For 5 years, his sickness deteriorated. He was in the Setagays Government
Hospital for treatment.
During those 5 years, he had been in and out of the hospital 5 to
6 times. He had undergone high tech examinations such as angiogram
by injecting VINYL via the vein into the heart. He consulted and sought
treatment from many good doctors where later he underwent a major
surgical operation. Upon his discharge from the hospital, he quit
his job to convalesce. However, each time when his illness relapsed,
the attack seemed to be even more severe.
Last
year, in August, his relatives were in despair and expected he would
not live much longer. It so happened at that time that the victim's
relative came across antioxidant water processor. His illness responded
well and he is now on the road to recovery."
(In the United States, cardiovascular diseases account for more
than one-half of the approximate 2 million deaths occurring each year
.
It is estimated that optimal conditioning of drinking water could
reduce this cardiovascular disease mortality rate by as much as 15
percent in the United States)
From: Report of the Safe Drinking Water Committee of the National
Academy of Sciences, 1977
Eczema
Prof.
Tamura Tatsuji, Keifuku Rehabilitation Center
"Eczema
is used to describe several varieties of skin conditions, which have
a number of common features. The exact cause or causes of eczema are
not fully understood. I many cases, eczema can be attributed by external
irritants
Let
me introduce a patient who recovered from skin disease after consuming
the antioxidant water. This patient suffered 10 years of eczema and
could not be cured effectively even under specialist treatment. This
patient, who is 70 years of age, is the president of a vehicle spare
parts company. After the war, his lower limbs suffered acute eczema,
which later became chronic. He was repeatedly treated in a specialist
skin hospital.
The left limb responded well to treatment, but not so on the right
limb. He suffered severe itchiness, which, when scratched led to bleeding.
During the last 10 years, he was seen and treated by many doctors.
When I first examined him, his lower limb around the joints was covered
with vesicles. Weeping occurred owing to serum exuding from the vesicles.
I advised him to try consuming antioxidant water. He bought a unit
and consumed the antioxidant water religiously and used the acidic
water to bathe the affected areas. After 2 weeks of treatment the
vesicles dried up. The eczema was completely cleared without any relapse
after 1½ month."
Allergies
Prof.
Kuninaka Hironaga, Head of Kuninaka Hospital
"Mr.
Yamada, the head of Police Research Institute, suffered from severe
allergy. He was treated repeatedly by skin specialist, but with no
success. Then he started consuming antioxidant water. The allergy
responded very well and was soon completely cured. No relapse had
occurred, although he had taken all kinds of food. He was most grateful
and excited about this treatment.
As for myself, I had also suffered severe allergy. Ever since I began
to consume antioxidant water, the allergy has recovered. Since then,
I started a research on the effectiveness of antioxidant water.
I discovered that most allergies are due to acidification of body
condition and is also related to consuming too much meat and sugar.
In every allergy case, the patient's antioxidant minerals are excessively
low which in turn lower the body resistance significantly. The body
becomes overly sensitive and develops allergy easily. To stabilize
the sensitivity, calcium solution in injected into the vein. Therefore,
it is clear that the antioxidant water has ionic calcium, which can
help alleviate allergy.
The ionic calcium not only enhances the heart, urination, and neutralization
of toxins but controls acidity. It also enhances the digestive system
and liver function. This will promote natural healing power and hence
increase its resistance to allergy. In some special cases of illness,
which do not respond to drugs, it is found, it is found to respond
well to antioxidant water."
Digestive Problems
Prof.
Kogure Keizou, Kogure Clinic of Juntendo Hospital
"The
stomach is readily upset both by diseases affecting the stomach and
by other general illnesses. In addition, any nervous tension or anxiety
frequently causes gastric upset, vague symptoms when This information
is under some strain.
The important role of antioxidant water in our stomach is to neutralize
the secretion and strengthen it s functions. Usually, after consuming
the antioxidant water for 1 to 3 minutes, the gastric juice increase
to 1½ times. For those suffering from hypochlorhydria or achlorhydria
( low in gastric juice ) the presence of antioxidant water will stimulate
the stomach cells to secrete more gastric juice. This in turn enhances
digestion and absorption of minerals.
However, on the other hand, those with hyperchlorhydria ( high in
gastric juice ), the antioxidant water neutralizes the excessive gastric
juice. Hence, it does not create any adverse reaction.
According to the medical lecturer from Maeba University, the pH of
the gastric secretion will still remain normal when antioxidant water
is consumed. This proves that the ability of the antioxidant water
is able to neutralize as well as to stimulate the secretion."
Diabetes
Prof. Kuwata Keijiroo, Doctor of Medicine
"When
I was serving in the Fire Insurance Association, I used to examine
many diabetic patients. Besides treating them with drugs, I provided
them with antioxidant water. After drinking antioxidant water for
one month, 15 diabetic patients were selected and sent to Tokyo University
for further test and observations.
Initially, the more serious patients were a bit apprehensive about
the treatment. When the antioxidant water was consumed for some time,
the sugar in the blood and urine ranged from a ratio of 300 mg/l to
2 mg / dc. There was a time where the patient had undergone 5 to 6
blood tests a day and detected to be within normal range. Results
also showed that even 1 ½ hour after meals, the blood sugar and urine
ratio was 100 mg/dc: 0 mg/dc . The sugar in the urine has completely
disappeared."
NOTE:
More Americans than ever before are suffering from diabetes, with
the number of new cases averaging almost 800,000 each year. The disease
has steadily increased in the United States since 1980, and in 1998,
16 million Americans were diagnosed with diabetes (10.3 million diagnosed;
5.4 million undiagnosed). Diabetes is the seventh leading cause of
death in the United States, and more than 193,000 died from the disease
and its related complication in 1996.
The greatest increase - 76 percent - occurred in people age 30 to 30.
.
From: U. S. Department of Health and Human Services, October 13, 2000 Fact
Sheet.
Use
of Ionized water in treating Acidosis
Prof.
Hatori Tasutaroo, Head of Akajiuiji Blood Centre, Yokohama Hospital,
Faitama District
"Due
to a higher standard of living, our eating habits have changed. We
consume too much proteins, fats and sugar. The excess fats and carbohydrates
are in the body as fats. In the present lifestyles, Americans are
more extravagant on food compared to the Japanese. Due to this excessive
intake obesity is a significant problem. Normally, one out of five
males and one out of four females is obese.
The degree of "burn-out" in food intake largely depends on the amount
on intake of vitamins and minerals. When excessive intake of proteins,
carbohydrates and fats occurs, the requirement for vitamins and minerals
increases. However, there is not much research carried out pertaining
to the importance of vitamins and minerals.
Nowadays, many people suffer from acidification that leads to diabetes,
heart diseases, cancer, live and kidney diseases. If our food intake
can be completely burned off, then there is no deposition of fats.
Obviously, there will be no acidification problem and hence there
should not be any sign of obesity.
The antioxidant water contains an abundance of ionic calcium. This
ionic calcium helps in the "burn-off" process. By drinking antioxidant
water, it provides sufficient minerals for our body. As a result,
we do not need to watch our diet to stay slim.
Hence, antioxidant water is a savior for those suffering from obesity
and many adult diseases, providing good assistance in enhancing good
health."
